Wednesday, August 26, 2020

A Comparison of Themes in The Matrix and Allegory of the Cave

A Comparison of Themes in The Matrix and Allegory of the Cave One of the significant subjects that is perceptible in the Matrix is â€Å"being as such†. While thinking about the Matrix, Neo lives in complete dream, a detainee of computerized reasoning with no genuine control or view of the real world. He accepts he is living in the city, getting a charge out of sweltering climate when in actuality his cerebrum is in a body being followed and constrained by machines a large number of years after the fact than the time he thinks he exists. The plotline can be legitimately referenced to the old philosophical contention â€Å"Brain in a vat†. This contention just attests that if researchers somehow happened to embed a cerebrum into a container, and include invigorating synthetics that cause the mind to work as ordinary, the cerebrum and its musings would exist and prosper as though it were in a body. The cerebrum could have encounters, connections, and structure ordinary the typical situations of living in a body which touches off the inquiry: What is reality? The mind will be the cerebrum (being thusly), it isn't more perplexing than just â€Å"being†. I relate this idea to the expression â€Å"believing isn't seeing â€Å" as what we percieve and accept is all that exists isn't generally the genuine truth of what really exists. In Plato’s Allegory of the cavern, this idea is tended to in an exceptional way. The men that have been detained in the cavern don't know about the world outside of the cavern. They realize that they exist, and they can see just what is infront of them. As â€Å"shadows† pass by them in their movements from behind just as infront of them they hear their voices yet they can't separate or even comprehend that the voices are really fighting against eminent loss them too, instead of simply the figures that are obvious. They can't envision or aknowledge what they don't knows exist as they are molded to concentrate on the present: â€Å"And assume their jail had a reverberation from the divider confronting them? At the point when one of the individuals crossing behind them talked, they could just guess that the sound originated from the shadow going before their eyes. No doubt† (Plato 9) He likewise makes reference to the fire that consumes behind them, which discharges the light that the detainees are normally adapted to. They have not seen more splendid light previously, and dont even think about its reality. It would hard to aknowledge that their discernment was so obscured to the real truth of life if somebody somehow managed to let them know. Plato demonstrates this when he makes reference to that if the detainees were to be unchained and compelled to pivot and experience the force of the genuine light of the fire, it would cause them agony and perplexion and weaken their comprehension of what is genuine; despite the fact that it is correct infront of their eyes: â€Å"He would require, at that point, to become acclimated before he could see things in that upper world† (Plato). The detainee is progressively disposed to come back to the manner in which he looked before as what is regular simpler to recognize for him. Another magical subject in both the Matrix and in Plato’s Allegory of the Cave is shrewdness. Intelligence is worked through information and experience. I recollect that I am here not in light of the way that lies before me but since of the way that lies behind me†(Morpheus in The Matrix Reloaded) At the point when Neo sees the world without precedent for the Matrix, it is hard for him to accept just as percieve. Everything that he thought was the truth was not, at this point pertinent to reality. He utilizes his own understanding and the information he picked up from it to awaken the remainder of humankind from the fantasy they are percieving as their existence. This subject in the framework shapes an immediate similarity to the intelligence showed in Platos purposeful anecdote of the Cave when the detainee is discharged from the cavern and is blinded by the sun after leaving. The light is so a lot more grounded and bigger than the main light that he knew to exist that his eyes genuinely couldn't deal with it, making him be temorarily blinded. He should alter and encounter the light so as to watch the remainder of the world that it illimunates. When his eyes alter, he promptly needs to come back to the cavern to educate the others concerning reality similarly as Neo did in th e Matrix. Generally speaking, contrasting both of these storires reveals a splendid insight upon what is reality and truly impacts me to remain â€Å"present†. What struck me the most is the â€Å"Brain in a Vat† idea in the framework just as in Platos Allegory of the Cave. Much exists past what we can see just as envision, and to comprehend what exists past we should create insight utilizing our experience just as our knowledge.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Code Of Ethic Compliance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Code Of Ethic Compliance - Essay Example Constrained! It doesn't work. A serene psyche is the primary essential in any undertaking. The propensity of the psyche is to meander. The psyche must be held under scholarly watch however that is conceivable just through inciting the correct appraisal of needs. Psyche responds to the boosts from the world, and reacts likewise, however a distracted brain prompts a befuddled reaction. The primary goal of instructor ought to be to upgrade mind focus or accessibility to draw the consideration absolutely and totally. Where is the room of any uncertainty for the person who is persuaded that the assignment is inside his ability This ought to be the embodiment of very training. A helpful situation must be made by the teacher to construct high self-assurance and high confidence inside understudies. Demeanor has the effect. The instructor should turn into a wellspring of uplifting mentality for the understudies. Louis A. Berman said A great educator is an ace of disentanglement and an adversary of simplism. A teacher must advance basic living yet high reasoning disposition. This incredibly helps in scholarly improvement which thusly will do. As per William Arthur Ward The average instructor tells. The great instructor clarifies. The unrivaled educator illustrates. The incredible instructor rouses. An instructor needs to show others how its done. One needs to act than to address.

Monday, August 17, 2020

Understanding Anxiety in Adults With ADHD

Understanding Anxiety in Adults With ADHD ADHD Adult ADD/ADHD Print Anxiety in Adults With ADHD By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 07, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 24, 2020 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Prakasit Khuansuwan / EyeEm / Getty Images Many adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also struggle with anxiety that impairs their lives. Sometimes this anxiety develops as a result of the ADHD symptoms. Symptoms of Chronic Anxiety If you have difficulty managing the everyday demands of life, are chronically late, forgetful, have trouble meeting deadlines and obligations, become overwhelmed with finances, tune out in conversations, speak or act impulsively, lack tact in social situationsâ€"then certainly this can bring about feelings of chronic anxiety. You may worry about keeping track of it all. You may worry about what will go wrong next. When will the next let down occur? What will I say next to embarrass myself or someone else? You may dread that next time when you are rushing to an important appointment that you will surely be late to again. Sometimes adults with ADHD also worry in a different way. It can be so difficult to manage daily activities that you may find yourself experiencing anxiety in a pressured way as you try to organize yourself. Do these concerns sound familiar? I must remember to turn in the contract by Feb. 1; The report has to be finished by Monday; and I cannot forget to pick up the kids early from school Friday because they have a dentist appointment. In these situations, your mind may get fixated on worry. For some people, this is a helpful way to organize and remember. For others, this self-imposed pressure becomes even more debilitating. With such enormous worry and burden hanging over your head, you may find that you shut down even more. Some people even experience a sense of paralysis that prevents them from moving forward at all. ADHD and Anxiety Disorders In addition to the anxiety symptoms associated with ADHD described above, research does find a strong association between ADHD and anxiety disorders. Roughly 40% to 60% of adults with ADHD also have an anxiety disorder.?? Anxiety disorders can manifest themselves in a variety of physical, mood, cognitive and behavioral symptom patterns. Common features of these disorders are excessive anxiety, worry, nervousness, and fear. This is often accompanied by feelings of restlessness, being keyed up or constantly on edge, problems with concentration (or mind going blank), sleep disturbances, muscle tension, irritability, fatigue, and feeling overwhelmed. It can be very difficult to relax and participate fully in life with these impairing symptoms. The person quickly begins to avoid situations in which a negative outcome could occur. If that person is able to face these situations, he or she may only be able to do so by spending excessive time and effort preparing. The anxiety can result in procrastination in behavior or decision-making and the need to repeatedly seek reassurances due to worries. An Overview of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Treatment It is clear that features of ADHDâ€"inattention, restlessness, procrastination, sleep problems, feeling overwhelmedâ€"can overlap with symptoms of anxiety. So one of the first steps in planning treatment is to decipher whether these impairments are coming from the ADHD (secondary to the ADHD) or whether they are the result of a separate, co-existing anxiety disorder. Whether or not a person meets the diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder, it is clear that symptoms of ADHD can result in chronic anxiety that can further impair a person’s functioning, happiness, and level of self-esteem. It is important to understand and manage the full spectrum of ADHD. Many adults with ADHD and anxiety benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with appropriate medical treatment.?? Here Are the 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Which Trees Offset Global Warming Best

Trees are important tools in the fight to stave off global warming.  They absorb and store carbon dioxide (CO2)—the key greenhouse gas emitted by our cars and power plants—before it has a chance to reach the upper atmosphere and trap heat around the Earth’s surface. Trees and Carbon Dioxide While all living plant matter absorbs CO2 as part of photosynthesis, trees process significantly more than smaller plants due to their large size and extensive root structures. Trees, as kings of the plant world, have much more â€Å"woody biomass† in which to store CO2 than smaller plants. As a result, trees are considered nature’s most efficient â€Å"carbon sinks.† It is this characteristic that makes planting trees a form of climate change mitigation. According to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), tree species that grow quickly and live long are ideal carbon sinks. Unfortunately, these two attributes are usually mutually exclusive. Given the choice, foresters interested in maximizing the absorption and storage of CO2 (known as â€Å"carbon sequestration†) usually favor younger trees that grow more quickly than their older cohorts. However, slower-growing trees can store much more carbon over their significantly longer lives. Location Scientists study the carbon-sequestration potential of trees in various parts of the U.S. Examples include eucalyptus in Hawaii, loblolly pine in the southeast, bottomland hardwoods in Mississippi, and poplars (aspens) in the Great Lakes region. â€Å"There are literally dozens of tree species that could be planted depending upon location, climate, and soils,† says Stan Wullschleger, a researcher at Tennessee’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory who specializes in the physiological response of plants to global climate change. Best Trees to Capture Carbon Dave Nowak, a researcher at the U.S. Forest Service’s Northern Research Station in Syracuse, New York, has studied the use of trees for carbon sequestration in urban settings across the United States. A 2002 study he co-authored lists the following species as trees that are especially good at storing and absorbing CO2: the common horse-chestnut, black walnut, American sweetgum, ponderosa pine, red pine, white pine, London plane, Hispaniolan pine, Douglas fir, scarlet oak, red oak, Virginia live oak, and bald cypress. Nowak advises urban land managers to avoid trees that require a lot of maintenance, as the burning of fossil fuels to power equipment like trucks and chainsaws will only erase the carbon absorption gains otherwise made. Using Trees to Fight Global Warming Yes, some trees are better than others when it comes to preventing climate change. Ultimately, however, trees of any shape, size, and genetic origin help absorb CO2. Most scientists agree that the least expensive and perhaps the easiest way for individuals to help offset the CO2 that they generate in their everyday lives is to plant a tree...any tree, as long as it is appropriate for the given region and climate. Those who wish to help larger tree-planting efforts can donate money or time to the National Arbor Day Foundation or American Forests in the U.S, or to the Tree Canada Foundation in Canada. Source Nowak, David J. Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA. USDA Forest Service, Daniel E. Crane, Northeastern Research Station, 5 Moon Library, SUNY-ESF, July 1, 2001, Syracuse, NY.Yarrick, Elyse. Summer Outdoor Trends You Should Follow. Trend Prive Magazine, May 18, 2018.

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

The City Of Cincinnati Police Officer - 894 Words

In 2001, the city of Cincinnati had the largest civil riots since the 1992 Rodney King riots in Los Angeles. The riots were so intense they lasted from August 9-13. The civil disorder was sparked when a Cincinnati Police patrolman Stephen Roach killed a 19 year old African American named Timothy Thomas. Given the publicity of this event, the Cincinnati Police Department had to undergo a variety of changes, including the hiring process. As a result, the current hiring process is considered to be one of the best in the nation. There are several minimum requirements that must be satisfied for one to be eligible to be a Cincinnati police officer. First, each applicant must be 21 years old at the date of appointment. Second, each applicant must have a high school diploma or GED while a bachelor’s degree in criminal justice is strongly preferred. Third, each applicant must have a valid driver’s license with at least one year of driving experience must be a U.S. Citizen or in a process of U.S. Naturalization. No previous law enforcement experience is required. Military veterans will be given small preference given their experience. Once the minimum requirements are satisfied, the applicant must pass a very comprehensive disqualification checklist. For instance, any person who has been convicted of a felony in the court of law will be disqualified for life and unable to serve as a police officer. Furthermore, any person who admits to committing or attempting to commit a crimeShow MoreRelatedEthics And Law Enforcement Act Of 1994991 Words   |  4 PagesThis high level outline implies the solution is straightforward and issues would be significantly reduced if police forces would follow the blueprint. So why do these problems still exist, causing major unrest in communities across our country? 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Minimum requirements are applicant must be age 21Read MoreSecurity At The Umpqua Community College1603 Words   |  7 Pagesis understandable that the size of the campus of Wright State is nowhere near that of Ohio State and that Wright State is near the Wright Patterson Air Force Base, but having only a couple campus police cruisers roaming around campus is not enough to prevent a shooting so there needs to be a greater police presence on campus. Over the past decade, shootings have occurred in schools and college campuses across the United States. Now these shootings have occurred few and far between, but the events thatRead MoreWhat Are Ethical Implications?865 Words   |  4 PagesCommunity Rebels in Cincinnati †¢ What are the ethical implications? â€Å"Due to the death of Thomas by officer Steven Roach, there was rioting for four days by the people in Cincinnati. Due to the officer shooting Thomas without trying to handcuff him first, shows that the officer didn’t use proper ethics to subdue him.† (Ritscher pg. 2) †¢ How was the outcome? Steven Roach on April 7, 2001 (Souder, 2012). Two off duty officers spotted Mr. Thomas who began to run from the officers and led them on a footRead MorePolice Brutality And The Police1263 Words   |  6 Pagesso many incidents involving some sort of police brutality. The mainstream media has shown police misconduct, case after case it has become a routine and making people wonder if our officers of the law really doing their jobs? Unjustified shooting, and fatal choking’s have all contributed to the problem of police brutality in America and also has become very controversial. The police carry an enormous burden each day, which makes their job really hard. 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These constables were paid byRead MoreUse Of Force Policies With Public Violence On Police Contacts2105 Words   |  9 PagesPolicies with the Public to Reduce Violence in Police Contacts Malachi Sjorlund CMRJ 505 Research Methods in Criminal Justice Professor Tamara Mouras December 23, 2014 Abstract When police use force against a subject, they are often belittled and reprimanded by the media and public. â€Å"Police Brutality† and â€Å"Excessive Force† seem to be a daily headline in the news these days. This paper shall present research conducted on how to improve police-community relations. The goal, is the show theRead MoreHumiliation From Law Enforcers Is The Story Of Kathryn Engle s Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio1738 Words   |  7 Pages Police brutality is any unjustified use of excessive violence, abuse, humiliation or racism from a police officer that insults or degrades someone else. Police brutality occurrences range from crude language and harassment to severe beatings and murder. Some believe these incidences are caused because police officers are granted too much power as a result of the badges they carry. Other examples of police misusing their authority include discrimination, partisanship, public humiliation, and defamationRead MoreCommunity Crime Prevention Programs 1626 Words   |  7 PagesCommunity crime prevention programs play a vital role across the world in regards to the â€Å"community† style of police service. These types of programs heavily involve participating members of the community along with the police to achieve community and police oriented goals to improve the quality of life for all members of the community. The Bureau of Justice Assistance states community crime prevention programs are based several factors such as program focus, program rationale, community race,

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Night Creature Dark Moon Chapter Sixteen Free Essays

string(146) " Somewhere along the line he’d discarded the suit and found a bright, white T-shirt and a pair of jeans; his holster and his gun were gone\." The woman had a point. Kind of. Since we were dealing with werewolves, there weren’t a lot of rule books. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Sixteen or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nowhere did it say I couldn’t become different, even from what I was. Damien had. Of course, he’d been cursed. Blessed. Hell, I didn’t know anymore. But since sex is a normal, physical function of both humans and wolves, perhaps in abstaining, I’d done myself more harm than good. See, I could rationalize with the best of them. â€Å"Jess? Will called. â€Å"We’re supposed to check in with Sheriff Stephenson.† â€Å"Keep your pants on, Slick.† Jessie moved past me and into the hall. â€Å"Or maybe take them off,† she murmured so only I could hear. â€Å"He looks much better that way.† A muffled thump at the front of the house announced they’d left, and weariness washed over me again. I stumbled into the room that was now mine, dumped my sweat-stained clothes, then crawled beneath the chilly sheets in nothing but Jessie’s T-shirt. The windows were covered with heavy curtains – a Jger-Sucher staple, issued right along with silver ammunition and fake IDs, since most of them slept in the daytime and hunted all night. Considering that, a vampire would make a great werewolf hunter, if you could trust the bloodsucking undead. I’m sure it goes without saying that you can’t. I awoke much later, rested but stiff. I’d slept so heavily my body was in the same position as when I lay down. Unusual for me. I was an active sleeper. Lucky I slept alone. Except I wasn’t alone. The instant I woke up, I heard someone breathing. The door was closed. I remembered leaving it open. In an attempt to fool whoever had invaded my place, I kept my respiration deep and even. I moved nothing except my eyes. Near the window stood a man. I tried to pin his scent, but he’d showered so recently I caught only a whiff of soap and damp hair. New clothes that smelled of the plastic they’d come in, new shoes so fresh I could taste the rubber. Best defense and all that, I bounded out of bed and had my elbow around his neck before he could turn. He tried to talk but I was cutting off his air. This close I didn’t need to smell him. I knew the shape of that body, the texture of the skin. I loosened my hold, and he turned. â€Å"Miss me, sweetheart?† It was a rare occasion when I didn’t know who was coming after me long before they got there. Those few seconds of not knowing had scared me. â€Å"Do you have a death wish?† I snapped. I stalked across the room and tapped the reading lamp on the bedside table. The muted glow barely reached into the corner where he hovered. â€Å"No one throws me out of town,† Nic said. â€Å"I think someone did.† His eyes narrowed. â€Å"I’m here, aren’t I?† â€Å"And when Edward sees you he’ll have a temper tantrum. I don’t want to watch.† Edward’s temper tantrums usually consisted of guns firing, blood spurting, bodies bursting into flames. Nic crossed the room and crowded into my space. The action should have been intimidating. I’m sure he meant it to be. Instead, I found his nearness, his attempt at dominance, arousing. Why did he have this effect on me? I wished the desire would go away. I wished he would go away. As if he’d heard my thoughts, he grabbed my arms, and gave me a little shake. My breath caught on a gasp, not of shock, but excitement. I was pathetic. Since when had I enjoyed being manhandled? Since the man doing the handling was Nic. â€Å"I’m not leaving.† His fingers tightened as I tried to get away. I could have, easily, if I hadn’t been enjoying the struggle so much. â€Å"What hold does Mandenauer have on you, Elise? What is it that he knows?† I froze, eyes going wide. â€Å"Who is he to you?† â€Å"M-my boss.† â€Å"There’s more to it than that.† He was right, but I couldn’t tell him so. â€Å"When you disappeared,† Nic murmured, â€Å"I asked everyone if they’d seen you, but no one had.† Trust Edward to make sure of it. â€Å"Except for the guy sneaking in from a night celebrating a solid C on his biology test.† Uh-oh. â€Å"He saw a beautiful blonde leaving with a skinny, scary old man.† I swallowed. â€Å"So?† â€Å"Now I’ve met the skinny, scary old man and I wonder†¦ He wasn’t your boss then, so why did you leave with him?† My head tilted; my hair, loose and wild, brushed his arm and his nostrils flared, even as his lips thinned. He was furious. And as aroused as I was. â€Å"I left because I wanted to.† That much was true. I’d wanted to get away from a place where everyone had suddenly smelled like meat. â€Å"You were†¦ too clingy,† I blurted. â€Å"You were pushing me into something I wasn’t ready for.† Something sparked in his eyes, and for an instant I was afraid of him, which was foolish. He couldn’t hurt me. At least not physically. â€Å"You mean this?† His mouth crushed down. Our teeth clashed. I tasted blood. Mine? Nic’s? I didn’t care. The taste, the scent, only tempted me to give in to the wildness I kept trapped inside. My lips opened. I welcomed him in. Our tongues dueled – touch, spar, retreat. I shuddered, fighting the urge to draw more blood. His fingers wound in my hair, pulling my head back so he could trace a heated path down my throat. His tongue pressed against my pulse; his teeth worried a fold of skin as his fingers stroked my already aroused nipple to an aching peak. Had he come back for me, or for this? Didn’t matter. I wanted him. Always had. I needed to hold on to something or fall, so I clutched his shoulders, then became fascinated with the thin line of his collarbone and the shape of his biceps. Somewhere along the line he’d discarded the suit and found a bright, white T-shirt and a pair of jeans; his holster and his gun were gone. The lack of dress-up clothes and a weapon – his new, yet somehow old, outfit – reminded me of the boy I’d fallen in love with. Happier, more innocent times, when we’d lie on the couch all tangled together, studying, kissing, unable to resist the fury of first sexual awareness. Nic’s hands fluttered down my back, under the flimsy cover of the T-shirt, stilling when he encountered nothing but skin. His fingernails scraped the sensitive area where my thighs sloped into my rear, before he filled his palms and ground us together. I wanted to wrap my legs around his waist and ride the tide. As if he knew my thoughts, he lifted me, settled my knees over his hips, and buried his face between my breasts. I crossed my ankles behind his back and clenched, pressing myself against him. Cursing, he whirled and dumped me onto the bed, then he lost the jeans and the T-shirt. The lamplight turned his skin to gold. He’d grown in the years we’d been apart, and without his clothes he seemed taller, broader, stronger. His shoulders were wide, his waist narrow, his legs long and taut. The light dusting of dark hair across his chest led down his flat stomach and fed into a curling frame around another part that seemed a lot bigger without clothes. I’d touched him in college – my hand down his pants, his breath harsh and rasping as I worked him in my palm and made him come – but I’d never seen him. I didn’t get much time to see him now. One look at my face and he joined me on the bed. He didn’t ask, didn’t hesitate, and I was glad. If I’d had too much time to think, maybe I would have stopped him. But I doubted it. I’d held Nic in my heart as the man of my dreams, the one I could never have, and if I couldn’t have him, I didn’t want anyone. So here I was, a twenty-nine-year-old virgin werewolf. Fat lot of good abstinence had done me. If I lost my soul, so be it. They could always shoot me tomorrow. Nic took my mouth; and then he took my body. One deep thrust and I was no longer a virgin. The werewolf thing was going to be a little bit harder to get rid of. The pain was minute; I endured worse every full moon. However, Nic froze, then slowly lifted his head. The anger still lurked in his eyes, but there was wariness now, and a gentleness I hadn’t seen since he’d returned. â€Å"Why didn’t you tell me?† â€Å"You didn’t ask.† His forehead dropped to rest against mine. â€Å"Elise – â€Å" â€Å"Don’t stop. If you stop, I just might have to kill you.† He gave a half-laugh, but I wasn’t kidding. My body was on fire. My skin felt too small for my body. Every sensation bubbled in my blood. My hands clutched his back, learning the swell of his buttocks, the curves and the dips. Urging him closer, I asked the eternal question and was answered with another fierce thrust. The entire world narrowed to the one small area where we had joined. My virginity was history, and I was still a woman. Or as close to a woman as I got. Jessie had asked: What more could the universe do to me? Right now, I only cared what else Nic could do to me and for how long. I rose to meet him, and his body responded, pulsing within me to the beat of our hearts. Eyes closed, head thrown back, with every movement he reached deeper, loomed larger. â€Å"More,† I mumbled against his mouth, then bit his lip. â€Å"Harder.† â€Å"I’ll hurt – â€Å" â€Å"You won’t.† I clasped his hips and showed him what I needed. â€Å"You can’t.† What had started out rough became rougher. The slide of flesh against flesh incited me. Arching, I offered my breasts, only Jessie’s T-shirt was in the way. I tried to tug it free, but the material was sandwiched between us and there was no way we were going to separate now. With a growl that seemed to reach all the way to my toes, he put his hand in the neck and tore the garment down the front. Lowering his head, he captured one nipple, then scored it with his teeth. My body trembled, and I tightened around him. Shuddering, he suckled, his tongue pushing me against the roof of his mouth in a rhythm echoed by our bodies. I could no longer keep my eyes open as a whole new world exploded in my mind. The forest, the trees, the sky – no moon, full moon – the answer to every question I’d ever had, right there, so close, I could almost hear the words, see the solution. I was no longer divided but whole. Not woman and wolf, just me. Two become one in a rite as old as time, and then†¦ I climaxed with a startled gasp as he reached a place meant only for him. Over and over and over again, he moved within me, and the orgasm surged through us both. When the last shudder fell away, and the air shifted from hot to cool, I ran my palm over his hair. My chest went tight. I wanted to both hold him close and fling him away. Nic rolled from my body and onto the bed. He didn’t speak; I wasn’t sure what to say. I felt both different and the same. How could that be? â€Å"This isn’t what I came here for.† His voice was remote. I wasn’t sure what I’d done, or maybe not done. â€Å"No?† He made a sound of disgust and sat up. â€Å"I didn’t use a condom. Dammit!† He scrubbed a hand through his hair. I wasn’t worried, since I couldn’t get pregnant, and, since lycanthropy can heal a non-silver bullet to the head, STDs aren’t even a blip on our radar. Too bad I couldn’t explain any of this to Nic. â€Å"I’ve never been so stupid in my life,† he muttered. Suddenly naked and alone, I glanced away and my gaze was caught by a smudge of blood on my inner thigh. Quickly I wrapped the covers around me so he wouldn’t see. â€Å"Thanks,† I murmured. â€Å"I didn’t mean it like that.† â€Å"What did you mean?† He lifted his hands, lowered them. â€Å"You confuse the hell out of me, Elise. I see you, and it’s like you never went away. Everything feels the same, but we’re not the same people.† He had that right, I wasn’t even a people anymore. Had I ever been? â€Å"You look as if seven days have passed, instead of seven years.† He tilted his head, stared at my face. â€Å"How can that be?† His words reminded me, if I’d needed any reminding, that we could never be together. Not really. Sooner or later he’d find out what I was, what I’d done, and he’d hate me. â€Å"I want to hate you,† he murmured. I started. Could he read my mind? â€Å"You don’t?† His gaze wandered over the bed, then over me. â€Å"Did that feel like hate to you?† â€Å"No.† He sighed. â€Å"But it wasn’t love.† Then why had it felt like love to me? My eyes burned and I stood. The languid, peaceful feeling fled, and as I paced the room, dragging the end of the bedspread behind me, a buzzing energy took its place. Catching a glimpse of myself in the mirror above the dresser, I froze. My eyes had bled blue; not a hint of white surrounded the iris. Wolf’s eyes, except for one difference. Most laymen aren’t aware that only puppies have blue eyes. So if you see a wolf in the wild with orbs of blue? Better hope you have a silver bullet handy. Panic made my breathing shallow. When I was wolf, I had human eyes, so what did it mean that they had gone wolf when I wasn’t? I doubted it was a good thing. I glanced into the mirror once more. Nic was getting dressed. Convenient, since I had to get rid of him right now. â€Å"You wanted me,† I said. â€Å"You had me. Get out.† His head lifted, he turned in my direction. I ducked my face so my hair would cover my eyes. If he saw them I was doomed. Or he was. â€Å"What?† he murmured. Beneath the calm I heard liquid steel, red hot and bubbling. â€Å"We both wanted to see what we’d missed.† I inched toward the door with a shrug. â€Å"Now we know. It wasn’t all that much.† â€Å"You lie almost as badly as you fuck.† I winced. He was lying, too. Despite my inexperience, even I knew what we’d just shared had been as far from bad as it had been from a common fuck. I heard him coming after me but I didn’t pause to see how close he was. If I could get into the hallway, he’d never catch me. Yanking open the door, I nearly screamed as a large, dark shadow swooped close. How to cite Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Sixteen, Essay examples

Monday, May 4, 2020

Ethics Research Ethical Laws

Question: Discuss about theEthics Research for Ethical Laws. Answer: Introduction For every field and profession, there is a proper code of conduct which needs to be followed in order to keep the environment free from any issue. There are a number of such ethical codes in every field but for now, we will only be discussing the ethical laws and the code of conduct for the accountants working in different organizations. (Akers Giacomino, 2000) There is a proper formal code of conduct for the accountants which has been specially designed for their successful operation. We will see how it affects the working of the accountants. The code of conduct stated in APES110 has been actually divided into three parts and each part has its own criteria and limitations. The code consists of three parts. Section A is for the crucial standards of proficient morals for accountants and gives a reasonable structure that Individuals might apply to: Indicate the dangers in accordance to the essential standards; Evaluate the centrality of the dangers recognized; (Arnold et al., 2007) and Apply protections, when important, to wipe out the threats or lessen them to an Acceptable Level. Shields are essential when the Member decides whether there is a need of the third party to get involved or it can be handled without it, finding all the particular truths and conditions available to the Member around due to which that consistence with the basic standards is not traded off. A Member should utilize proficient judgment in applying this theoretical structure. Parts B and C portray how the theoretical structure is implemented in some particular circumstances. They give case of protections that might be suitable to give consistence in regard to the basic standards. They may also handle circumstances where threats are not accessible to find the dangers, and therefore, the condition or their relation which is causing the dangers might be kept away from. Part B applies to Individuals in Public Practice. Usually, Part C is implemented on Members in Business. Individuals in Open Practice may likewise discover Part C significant to their specific conditions. These set of laws has a major impact on the compliance of accountants with the code of ethics because they know that if they are do not follow these code of conducts, they would not be considered a professional member of the service. (Flanagan Clarke, 2007) A Member should agree to the accompanying central standards: Integrity to be straightforward and legally positive in all sorts of business connections Objectivity to not allow or support the idea where there is some sort of misconception and doubt to supersede proficient or business judgments. (McCarthy, 1997) Professional fitness to make sure that you are professionally active in the learning phase. Also, you have that expertise at the level which is required to make sure that you are offering the best professional services to the customer, taking into account current advancements practically speaking, enactment and methods and act determinedly and according to the specific standard instructions. Confidentiality to respect the information or data being received by the aftereffects of any incident or business and to reveal that data to some other people without legal consent, until and unless there is some legal authority to uncover that data and must not utilize that data for individual position of the Member or for someone else. Professional conduct to make sure that all the acts are being in accordance to the laws and ethics and no act is being done which might go against the code of conduct. (Douglas et al. 2001) These points clearly states that a Member is bound to evaluate these principles in case of any ambiguity with the compliance of law not being followed. The member must consider the consequences of doing an unethical act which later on might cause problem for the whole organization. Complying with the Principles A Member might consider subjective and additionally quantitative components when assessing the criticalness of a danger. (Gaffikin, 2007) While applying the calculated system, a part may face some issues and threats which is not possible to defend and fight under any law or with the facts and figures, then, in such case, the Member may suspend the particular professional service at that time or leave from that particular case, whenever essential, leave from the engagement or the utilizing association (on account of a Member in Business). A Member may incidentally abuse an arrangement of this Code. Contingent upon the nature and noteworthiness of the matter, such a coincidental infringement might be regarded not to trade off consistence with the major standards gave, once the infringement is found, the infringement is rectified instantly and any vital protections are connected. At some point when a Member faces abnormal conditions in which the use of a specific necessity of the Code might come out with an unusual result which is not in the best interest of the general society, it is strongly suggested that the Member counsel with any other. (Batge House, 2009) The impact on the accountants in regards to compliance with the code of conduct is very critical and complicated too because what happens is that accountants get in trouble and then they find out different ways to be on the right track by following the basic principles of the code. There are some clauses in the code of conduct which focus more on the following few steps! Integrity or Coherence The rule of respectability states that the members should be straightforward, fair and honest about their services. Respectability also suggests efficient execution with honesty. A member is not supposed to get in connection with any sort of data or report where the member trusts that the data: Includes some fake or wrong proclamation; Includes data or information outfitted carelessly; or Neglects the data needs to be used where such oversight or lack of clarity would deceive. (Jameson, 1958) Objectivity The standard of objectivity states that a Member should not bargain over any commitment or contract on account of susceptibility, fight of interest or under the impact of the society. It might happen that the Member faces some situation where objectivity is being neglected so sometimes, it is literally impossible and difficult to address every such circumstance and situation. (Pflugrath, 2007) Professional Attitude The behavior of accountants also matters a lot and members know that if they are not complying with the principles of ethical behavior then it is going to create serious problems for them. (Blackburn et al., 2010) Moreover, the impact of this APES110 Code of Conduct is really positive on the behavior of accountants because it is more like a backbone for them. Confidentiality or Privacy As already discussed that there must be an aspect of respect for the information or data being received by the aftereffects of any incident or business and to reveal that data to some other people without legal consent. The data must not be used for the individuals own favor or under the influence of any force. Dealing with the Conflicts The code of conduct makes the profession easier for the accountants as they make them learn the techniques which are to be used in case of resolving any conflict. The way the code of conduct explains everything put the accountants in a very safe side because they know their strategies well. Removing imperative ethical and moral issues by private talk with an objective manual for get a predominant cognizance of possible diagrams. Counsel your own particular legal advisor as to honest to goodness duties and rights concerning the ethical conflict. (George et al. 2014) On the remote possibility that the ethical conflict would still exist in the wake of exhausting all levels of internal review, there may be no other arrangement of activity on basic matters than to leave from the affiliation and to display an illuminating notification to a legitimate illustrative of the affiliation. After renunciation, dependent upon the method for the ethical conflict, it may in like manner be legitimate to tell distinctive social occasions. Discuss about such issues with the brief unrivaled way when it states that the common is incorporated, in which case the issue should be displayed at first to the accompanying higher managerial level. (Dal Pont, 2014) So, the impact of APES110 Code of Conduct on the accountants and their profession is quite positive and helpful. The language being used in the Code of Conduct has a powerful impact on the working standards of the accountants which directly helps them in their profession. References Akers, M., Giacomino, D. (2000). Ethics and the accountants code of conduct.Journal of applied Business Research. Arnold, D. F., Bernardi, R. A., Neidermeyer, P. E., Schmee, J. (2007). The effect of country and culture on perceptions of appropriate ethical actions prescribed by codes of conduct: A Western European perspective among accountants.Journal of Business Ethics,70(4), 327-340. Batge, S., House, P. (2009). APESB Accounting. Blackburn, R. A., Carey, P., Tanewski, G. (2010). The role of trust, relationships and professional ethics in the supply of external business advice by accountants to SMEs. InAustralian Centre for Financial Studies-Finsia Banking and Finance Conference. Dal Pont, G. (2014). Ethical conflicts and the tax practitioner.Revenue Law Journal,24(1), 24. Douglas, P. C., Davidson, R. A., Schwartz, B. N. (2001). The effect of organizational culture and ethical orientation on accountants' ethical judgments.Journal of Business Ethics,34(2), 101-121. Flanagan, J., Clarke, K. (2007). Beyond a Code of Professional Ethics: A Holistic Model of Ethical Decisionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Making for Accountants.Abacus,43(4), 488-518. Gaffikin, M. (2007). Accounting Theory and Practice: the ethical dimension. George, G., Jones, A., Harvey, J. (2014). Analysis of the language used within codes of ethical conduct.Journal of Academic and Business Ethics, 8, 1. Jameson, W. J. (1958). Proposed Code of Conduct: The Relationship of Lawyers and Accountants, A.ABAJ,44, 1049. McCarthy, I. N. (1997). Professional ethics code conflict situations: Ethical and value orientation of collegiate accounting students.Journal of Business Ethics,16(12-13), 1467-1473. Pflugrath, G., Martinov-Bennie, N., Chen, L. (2007). The impact of codes of ethics and experience on auditor judgments.Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(6), 566-589.

Monday, March 30, 2020

The Assessment Of Social Mobility Essays - Social Inequality

The Assessment Of Social Mobility Are the 35 million Americans who fall below the poverty line there because they are lazy and have let all opportunities for social advancement pass them by? Or is there currently a social structure that successfully reproduces classes and limits upward social mobility in America? Certain institutions in American society, including education, work and occupational structure and the family help perpetuate social class stratification. These institutions widen the gap between the rich and the poor by placing inherent restrictions on opportunities for those born into different classes. Although the degree of effort put forth by each individual is critically important, their relationship to the aforementioned institutions can severely limit upward social mobility. The current educational system creates a unique contradiction. While traditionally the best way to climb the ladders of society, American schools are now reproducing social classes. Those children born into poor families and neighborhoods usually begin their school career at a steep disadvantage. Public schools that are run down and lack sufficient funding or other key resources like good teachers are endemic to these lower income areas. The idea of class reproduction, or the correspondence principle, is obviously present in education. As mentioned above, differences between schools and school districts exist. In his article on the inequalities of public education in New York, Kozol describes an elementary school in North Bronx where 63 children share an average sized classroom. The room has no windows, for the building used to be a roller-skating rink. Consisting of 90% black and Hispanics, the student body of 1,300 has only 26 computers. (Kozol, 95) On the other hand, educational s tandards in upper-middle class communities are far superior. Here in Grand Blanc, Michigan an average second grade class would have one teacher for under thirty students and more than one computer in the room. When their parents can afford it, the technology and quality of teaching is even superior for students enrolled at private schools. Although bussing and other programs aimed at leveling these inequalities have been implemented, the majority of children born into lower income families are not presented with any choices. They are confined to minimal technology and deprived of individual attention from teachers, just to name a few disadvantages. Even a student with a high I.Q. and mental capacity for college might not fulfill his potential because of these restrictions, which are also present at the high school level. Variations within schools also help to restrict opportunities for some students. Admission to certain programs like G.A.T.E. and magnet schools can be class based. Once on a higher track or in one of these programs, a student is exposed to many useful and intellectually stimulating opportunities. Unfortunately, many minority students and those from lower income households are not encouraged to enroll in these programs despite their potential. In a lower track, they are confined to remedial education and poor teachers with emphasis on basic and monotonous tasks. The differences within the classroom have also been shown to limit opportunities for some students. Depending on a student's social class, a teacher may be more apt to help or disregard that student. A student with poor mannerisms and speech pattern may be presupposed to have little room for improvement, while one from a higher class background could receive much more help from a teacher. In addition, education tends to provide a hidden curriculum promoting cultural capital. For example, a rich school might emphasize self-confidence and proper speech patterns, while a poor school might stress subordination to authority and other basic ideas that would prepare a student for a lower class existence. These inequalities in the educational system severely limit opportunities for some students, while opening up windows for advancement for others. Even with a high I.Q., a child born in the north part Flint, Michigan would have to overcome great obstacles to get on a path to college. On the other hand, the superior educational environment at a rich school, like Grand Blanc would tend to promote and foster a desire for higher education among the students, thus granting them access to upward social mobility. Another institution in this country that has a tendency to preserve the current separation between

Saturday, March 7, 2020

He Got Game essays

He Got Game essays He Got Game is a good movie because it teaches a lesson, it makes us understand the tragedy of Jakes life, and it shows how Jesus has to make difficult decisions. The movie, He Got Game, teaches a lesson, especially to those people who have families on their own, that parents cant push their kids in doing what they want them to do and not what their kids want to do. Roger Ebert says that the movie is more of a heartbreaker about a father and his son. I agree because when Jake tried to convince his son, Jesus, to go to Big State University in order for him to get an early parole in prison, This movie makes us understand the tragedy of Jakes life because when Jake tried to pushed his son to play good in basketball in which Jake ended up in prison for killing his wife accidently while arguing with his son. Janet Maslin says that, Jesus hates his father and wont give him the time of day to talk to him. I feel that even if Jesus father has done something really bad in the past, Jesus shouldnt treated his father like he didnt even know him and never existed in his life and besides the incident that happened to his mother was just an accident. But no matter what Jesus do, Jake is still the person who This movie also shows how Jesus has to make difficult decision because when an agent, his coach, girlfriend, uncle, and groupies-on-call offered him money, cars, house, and more, since hes the countrys #1 high school prospect, he didnt accept any of those because its illegal for him to take it. Mike Clark says that, they just want what they perceive to be their share from the coming bounty. I feel that once Jesus gets famous they would just use him to get themselves rich. He Got Game is one of my favorite movie I have seen because it somewhat relates ...

Thursday, February 20, 2020

System and databases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

System and databases - Essay Example The details of the venue should be kept for record purposes. Presenters should be paid upon completion of the conference. It is important for the staff to check if the conference was run for the first-time or repeated because the presenters are paid higher fees for the first-time conference as they have to write the material for it. The details of payment, such as, amount, method etc. should be recorded, and a pay slip for the presenter. A record of the payment should be kept for tax and other purposes. ii. Define the Business System Option which you think is best for the organisation, taking all factors into consideration. It is not necessary to give a detailed technical specification or precise costing. The reasons for the recommendation should be clearly stated and the implications for the organisation fully explored. However all points should be directly relevant to the organisation and expressed as concisely as possible. Marks will be deducted if the answer has many vague generalisations about the benefits of IT. The users can forward their suggestions about new topics through the website, hence, eliminating the need for consulting or contacting organizations and delegates over the phone or in person on regular basis. Once users are able to include their nominations for potential topics and companies are able to offer their sponsorship through the website, it would be also possible for the system to automatically determine the feasibility of conferences for setup. This option will increase the productivity of the research department to the great extent. The system shall list down appropriate presenters for the conference on the basis of their experience, education, or any specified criteria. This would allow the Production department to select the suitable presenter in less period of time. The system shall keep a check on unpaid invoices and shall be able to generate

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Difference among Brick and Mortar Businesses Assignment - 10

Difference among Brick and Mortar Businesses - Assignment Example Web stores refer to a form of electronic business whereby clients directly buy products from a seller over the Internet with no an intermediary service (Recklies 57). Web stores are also referred to as online shops. An online shop excludes the physical equivalence of buying goods or services at shopping centers or bricks-and-mortar retailers. The process is referred to as a business-to-consumer (B2C) Internet shopping. When a company buys from another company it is referred to as B2B online shopping. B2B stands for business-to-business. The largest online retailing businesses are Amazon.com as well as eBay. They are both based in the United States. A catalog business is also another form of retailing. The business trades in a wide variety of personal products as well as household. Most catalog businesses emphasize on jewelry. Unlike a self-serve retail shop, a majority of the items in the catalog shop are not displayed. Clients pick the products from written catalogs in the shop and fill out an order paper. The order is taken to the sales desk, where a clerk fetches the items from the warehouse to a payment and checkout desk. The catalog business has lower prices than other traders plus lower expenses because of the smaller size of the store (Recklies 60). A restaurant’s value chain should incorporate producers, aggregators, processors, distributors, wholesale buyers, farmers markets, consumers plus a wide variety of essential supporters (Recklies 156). Casa Nueva, a restaurant in Athens, had been purchasing local plus practicing season expansion on its own for many years. The restaurant has, however, in the recent days, been applying the value chains elements, and its sells have boosted up.

Monday, January 27, 2020

Effect of Community Care on Needs of Service Users

Effect of Community Care on Needs of Service Users Community Care Introduction Foster and Roberts (1998, p. i) indicate that there are deficiencies in †¦ the ‘triangular’ relationship between user, carer an community†. They point out that there is a â€Å"†¦common tendency to establish a two-way relationship, and disregard the perspective of the third party †¦Ã¢â‚¬  which â€Å"†¦obstructs the healthy functioning of the care system† (Foster and Roberts, 1998, p.i). Booker and Repper (1998, p. 4) expound upon the preceding in adding that â€Å"†¦ community living is particularly difficult for people who have serious mental illness, many of whom experience frequent re-admissions in times of crisis and survive inadequately: in poverty and isolation, without work, with poor social supports and networks, and at risk of victimisation, exploitation, homelessness and imprisonment†. They add that â€Å"Indeed the community tenure of this population is often dependent upon the support of informal carers who ine vitably have problems and needs themselves† Booker and Repper, 1998, p. 4). The foregoing points to valid issues brought out regarding the community care system that indicate need further examination, and which represents the focus of this examination. Such asks the question, ‘to what extent is current community care policy and practice responsive to the needs and concerns of service users and carers? The preceding represents an expansive discussion. In order to formulate a balanced assessment of these aspects, this examination shall seek to break down the context into the three frameworks as indicated by Foster and Roberts (1998, p. i), and examine key policy frameworks, and practice developments representing the four specific areas of disability, health, mental health and older people in community care. In said examination, this study shall consider the extent to which policy and practice has been shaped by factors other than the needs and concerns of service users and carers. In a study conducted by the Hull Community Care Development Project over a three year period, it found that â€Å"†¦ care and support issues have been largely neglected in area-based work† (Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2004). The following shall seek to reach a determination if that assessment is true in terms of the four areas identified, disability, health, mental health and older people. Community Care represents the help as well as support that is provided to individuals that aids them in being able to live either in their own homes, or in a home type setting in their community (careline.org.uk, 2007). The foregoing assistance can consist of representing help for the individual that needs the aid to live in the community as well as help and or assistance for the carer. The government’s policy on community care sets forth six key objectives (careline.org.uk, 2007). The first represents the providing of â€Å"†¦ home care, day and respite services †¦Ã¢â‚¬  that enables individuals, wherever feasible as well as possible, to live in their own homes (careline.org.uk, 2007). Secondly, it entails the making of a proper assessment concerning â€Å"†¦ need and good care management †¦Ã¢â‚¬  which represents â€Å"†¦ cornerstone of high quality care† (careline.org.uk, 2007). The third area represents the promoting and â€Å"†¦ t he development of a flourishing independent sector alongside good quality services† (careline.org.uk, 2007). The fourth element consists of the clarification of responsibilities to thus make it easier to hold the various agencies accountable for their performance (careline.org.uk, 2007). The fifth aspect represents, â€Å"†¦ to secure better value †¦Ã¢â‚¬  for expenditures as a result of the introduction of â€Å"†¦ new funding structures for social care† (careline.org.uk, 2007). With the last area, sixth, representing the providing of â€Å"†¦ additional help for carers †¦Ã¢â‚¬  as well as offering a choice for patients and the general public (careline.org.uk, 2007). Community Care services are available to support older people, individual with physical disabilities, learning disabilities, mental health problems and chronic illness (careline.org.uk, 2007). The services that are available, which can differ slightly in some areas, basically consist of 1). Home care, that includes assistance with washing and dressing, 2) meals on wheels and frozen meals, 3) equipment as well as various adaptations to make living at home an easier prospect, 4) Day care centers that contain helpful activities, 5) respite services, 6) supported housing for individuals that with mental health and or disabilities. 7) intermediate care, 8) practical as well as financial assistance, 9) community nursing, 10) incontinence as well as NHS supplied nursing equipment (careline.org.uk, 2007). Community Care Policy The National Health Service and Community Care Act of 1990, that was phased into operation over a three year period, established a system whereby the needs of individuals were assessed entailing an agreed upon care plan, assigned worker and regular progress reviews (BBC News, 1998). Part of the procedural aspects of the foregoing was identifying those individuals whom might represent a significant risk, either to themselves and or others (BBC News, 1998). Those so identified where placed onto a ‘Supervision Register’ to prevent them from ‘slipping through the net’, which of course did not, and has not proven full proof (BBC News, 1998). The purpose of the National Health Service and Community Care Act of 1990 was to â€Å"†¦ split health and social care provision between purchasers and providers to create an internal market† (Leathard, A., 2003, p. 16). This approach represented a means â€Å"To curb costs, purchasers were required to assess nee ds, while providers were intended to compete against each other to secure contracts from the purchasers† (Leathard, A., 2003, p. 16). The foregoing represented efficiency from the standpoint of governmental administration, however, it shortchanged the ends users, and the patients, in that it immersed them into a bidding supply system that did not place their needs and concerns upper most in the hierarchy. Leathard (2003, p. 16) states that the preceding â€Å"The split between purchasers and providers, as well as the competition between the providers themselves, led to fragmentation of services but a collaborative momentum began to build up between the purchasers†. Important in the foregoing, is the understanding that the methodology provided the District Authorities with the power to purchase hospital care, and the family health service authorities had the responsibility â€Å"†¦for services provided by GPs, pharmacists, dentists and opticians, while local authorities covered the purchasing of all social services in the community† (Leathard, A., 2003, p. 18). The Secretary of the Central Association for Mental Welfare, Evelyn Fox, in 1930 stated the pure view of community care was one that has seemingly gotten lost in the translation to practice, (Fox, 1930, p. 71): â€Å"Community Care should vary from the giving of purely friendly advice and help to the various forms of state guardianship with compulsory power . . . It should include the power of affording every kind of assistance to the defective boarding out, maintenance grants, the provision of tools, travelling expenses to and from work, of temporary care, change of air in a word, all those things which will enable a defective to remain safely in his family . . . If the state has undertaken the duty and responsibility of active interference in the life of an individual by supervision, compulsory attention and so forth, it must undertake the corresponding duty of making his life as happy as possible. The effective control of a defective at home does inevitably mean a restriction in his complete freedom to go in and out as he pleases, to make what friends he chooses, to select what type of employment he likes out of those that are open to him. To impose these limitations without at the same time giving compensating interests is to court disaster†. Her statement, which has validity today, saw the family at the centre of community care. In fact, her view was that families should be co-opted to supply effective control (Fox, 1930, p. 73). The policy statements thus far put into action have tended to favour the carers more than the service users, which is shown by the following. The NHS and Community Care Act 1990 is based upon the â€Å"†¦ triumvirate of autonomy, empowerment and choice (Levick, 1992, pp. 76-81). Smart, 2002, p. 102) as well as Biggs and Powell (2000, pp. 41-49) both state that the ‘Act’ has a major weaknesses in that it fails to account for any critical analysis concerning the role as well as daily practices of care managers. Clements (2000) provides a critical observation in stating that community care law bears the indelible stamp of its poor origins and that the present shape still resembles Beveridges vision of the welfare state. Care in the Community was a policy of the Margaret Thatcher government in the 1990’s whereby she questioned the existence of society and sought via the NHS as well as the Community Care Act 1990 to extend the privatisation agenda into health and community care through the creation of NHS trusts, the greater use of independent residential and nursing homes, and the general promotion of the mixed economy of care (reference.com, 2007). The preceding represented the second shift in the community care / health care approach. The third shift occurred under Section 6 of the Human Rights Act 1998 which casts the definition of a public authority as â€Å"to embrace any person some of whose functions are of a public nature† (Bacigalupo et al, 2002, p. 249). The preceding continues â€Å"The expansive nature of this concept was explained by the Lord Chancellor who stated that the key question is whether the body in question has functions of a public nature †¦ If it has any functions of a public nature, it qualifies as a public autho rity† (Bacigalupo et al, 2002, p. 249). The foregoing means that â€Å"†¦ private community care providers as represented by residential care home owners, and or voluntary sector service providers such as Age Concern, MIND or housing associations are public authorities in relation to anyone for whom they provide publicly funded care† (Bacigalupo et al, 2002, p. 249). They continue that â€Å"Such providers now shoulder public responsibilities for their vulnerable clients and are accountable in public law for their actions† (Bacigalupo et al, 2002, p. 249). The Department of Health has accordingly emphasised the need for English social services departments to ensure that contractors and independent providers are made aware of their new duties† (Bacigalupo et al, 2002, p. 249). Under Article number 2 of the Act, which relates to policy for the Community Care Act 1990, it requires that the government and local authorities take reasonable measures to protect life (Bacigalupo et al, 2002, p. 249). Studi es conducted by the Times (1994) found that relocating institutionalised elderly people to a new residence may have a dramatic effect on their mental health and life. A study by the Journal of American Geriatric Society (1994) indicated that mortality rates run as high as 35% in such instances. Service Users and Carer Perspectives Both aspects point out the fact that the system was not geared to the well being of the users. Further evidence of the foregoing was also expressed by Hardy et al (1999, pp. 483-491) who pointed out that the changes as brought forth in policy by the 1989 white paper ‘Caring for People’ as well as the 1990 NHS and Community Care Act were to increase choices for users as well as carers. The preceding changes were as a result of the fact that service users had been subordinate to professional service providers (Hardy et al, 1999, pp. 483-491). In addition, their had also been an inherent bias of funding that was geared for residential and nursing care and that such had deprived service users of the choice of being cared for in their own homes (Hardy et al, 1999, pp. 483-491). This was expressed by Leathard (2003, p. 16) who stated, â€Å"The split between purchasers and providers, as well as the competition between the providers themselves, led to fragmentation of services but a collaborative momentum began to build up between the purchasers†. The preceding was a result of the efficiency the Act brought to community care which did not address the needs, wishes and concerns of the users as it put them into a bidding system that saved money, but resulted in poorer care. The foregoing included all four areas, disability patients, health patients, as well as mental health, and elderly patients who were caught in policy and practice developments. The Kings Fund Rehabilitation Programme (Hanford et al, 1999) addresses the foregoing deficiencies through policy initiatives based upon three themes, 1) working in partnership, 2) joint planning, and 3) commissioning. The preceding has been further developed through the King’s Fund updated statements on health and social care, in community based settings (King’s Fund, 2003). The combined initiatives have been devised to loosen governmental control and provide more accountability to patients and the local community (King’s Fund, 2003). Such a shift in policy will also affect hospitals as well as other what is termed as frontline providers to thus be more responsive to local needs and potentially improved performance (King’s Fund, 2003). The King’s Fund (1999) pointed out that the primary responsibility for the improvement in health programmes, specifically with regard to community care, lies with the health authorities, The King’s Fund (1999) also pointed out the however it is the local authorities that are expected to work out the objectives in improving the health and well being of their local communities. The initiatives put forth by the King’s Fund (1999) (2003) have been designed and crafted to achieve these lends through streamlining of the policy and operational facets. An important aspect of the 1999 King’s Fund initiative entailed calling for improved preventive services that called upon local authorities to aid users to take on as many tasks as they could for themselves for as long as they could, along with living in their own homes for as long as possible. The preceding was borne out of fiscal realities, in order to better conserve funds. However, in light of the findings of studies conducted by the London Times (1994) as well as the Journal of American Geriatric Society (1994) that found that elderly patients that were institutionalized had morality rates that ran as high as 35% in many instances, means that this approach had definitive merits beyond the saving of funds. The foregoing approach was based upon older policy documents by the government that reinforced the methodology of fostering greater independence. Such was put forth by the Department of Health that stated the promotion of independence would â€Å"†¦ have a positive effect on informal or unpaid carers †¦ (King’s Fund, 1999). The King’s Fund (1999) also pointed out under ‘Best Value Initiatives’ â€Å"†¦ local authorities should reduce delays in providing housing adaptations as part of the general move towards increased accountability to local people†. The above recognizes the need as well as better care that users would and do receive from home based care that Evelyn Fox brought forth back in 1930. Her statement â€Å"If the state has undertaken the duty and responsibility of active interference in the life of an individual by supervision, compulsory attention and so forth, it must undertake the corresponding duty of making his life as happy as possible† (Fox, 1930, p. 71). The initiatives of the King’s Fund helped to remove the stigma as indicated by Clements (2000), that community care law bears the indelible stamp of its poor origins and that the present shape still resembles Beveridge’s vision of the welfare state. The initiative also addressed the observations of Smart, 2002, p. 102) as well as Biggs and Powell (2000, pp. 41-49) who both stated that the ‘Act’ had a major weaknesses in that it failed to account for any critical analysis concerning the role as well as daily practices of care ma nagers. Through promoting more in home care for as long as possible, signaled a change in direction. Policy changes as brought forth in 1997 resulted in the United Kingdom government issuing in June of each year a policy document informing the Health Authorities of their purchasing intentions for the following year (NHS Executive, 1996). Resulting there from were three sets of objectives: long-term objectives and policies; medium-term priorities and objectives for the 1997/98 year; and baseline requirements and objectives for 1997/98 year (NHS Executive, 1996). In the longer term, performance will be assessed under three headings: equity, efficiency, and responsiveness (NHS Executive, 1996, pp. 11-21). Under the 1997 New Labour reforms, Health Authorities are to be responsible for drawing up three-year Health Improvement Programmes, which are to be the framework within which all purchasers and providers operate (NHS Executive, 1996, pp. 11-21). Under Section 17 of the Health Act 1999 it accords wide powers to the Secretary of State to give directions to Health Authorities, Primary C are Trusts, and NHS Trusts. Prior to the 1997 New Labour proposals, monitoring efforts in the UK’s internal market concentrated on a small set of dimensions of output: annual growth in activity, waiting times, and targets for improvements in the health of certain groups of the population (Propper, 1995, pp. 1685). The foregoing is why the Health Authorities had focused on performance being monitored, but not the needs, desires and wishes of patients and carers. Changes in Direction The preceding facets were thus corrected under the indicated 1997 New Labour proposals promise to broaden performance measures to â€Å"things that count for patients, including the costs and results of treatment and care† (Department of Health, 2007). This represented the backbone of the indicated King’s Fund (2003) initiatives that have resulted in better patient and carer involvement. The Human Rights Act has had implications both for service users as well as carers in terms of re-focusing upon rights afforded them. It provides for them to have the right to life, the right to be free from inhuman and or degrading treatment, as well as the right to respect for private and family life (Carers UK, 2005). These aspects might seem as being basic rights that carers should have had all along. However, governmental surveys have shown that all too often the rights of carers are ignored and need to be balanced against the people they care for (Carers UK, 2005). The United Kingdom’s National Strategy for Carers (Carers.UK, 2005) revealed, â€Å"carers’ rights are not adequately considered†. The preceding represents that under the Human Rights Act the rights of patients is balanced against the rights of the carer to mean that their views are considered by social services in the rendering of decisions. In addition, the research uncovered that all too frequently â€Å"carers’ rights are not real† (Carers.UK, 2005). The foregoing refers to assessments of carers regarding either their opinions and or rights as well as those expressed on behalf of their patients. Research conducted uncovered that carers’ all to frequently feel that their views and opinions are not considered in assessments and or decisions (Carers.UK, 2005). The third aspect of this facet represents the fact that carers’ as well as patients feel that â€Å"resources are inadequate to allow rights to be protected† (Carers.UK, 2005). The foregoing refers to the services needed are in all too many instances not available as a result of resources that are inadequate in terms of the cost and or staff time (Carers.UK, 2005). The last aspects refer to â€Å"good practice need not be expensive† (Carers.UK, 2005). The research conducted indicated that there are instances whereby imaginative good practice helped to safeguard the human rights of carers. One such example that was provided referred to the utilization of a 24-hour hotline that enabled carers as well as patients to arrange for support in cases of emergency thus referring to the ‘right to life’ aspect of human rights (Carers.UK, 2005). However, unfortunately, there are too few such examples. Conclusion The King’s Fund has been most progressive in being circumspect as well as balanced in their review and analysis of legislation, policy, procedures and rights as contained in documentation and as provided by carers and patients. Steps to shore up the human rights of carers as well as patients have been implemented under the Carers Recognition and Services Act 1995 (opsi.gov.uk, 1995) that calls for a separate assessment of carers at the same time one is carried out for patients. The vagueness is being addressed to clear up ambiguities in terms of words and phrases such as ‘substantial care’ services are a result of assessment, autonomy, health and safety, management of daily care routine and involvement (opsi, 2000). The preceding represents four key criteria under the Carers and Disabled Children Act 2000 (opsi, 2000). It corrects the loopholes found under the Carers Recognition and Services Act 1995 in that anyone over the age of 16 years of age who are or intend to provide substantial care that will be on a regular basis for another individual over the age of 18 years of age is entitled to an assessment (opsi, 2000). The preceding occurs regardless of whether the individual for whom they provide care and or support to has refused community care services (opsi, 2000). Additionally, social workers are advised to provide potential carers of their rights through the hand out of a special booklet that sets forth the benefits in receiving a carers assessment (Carers.UK, 2005). All of the foregoing represent policy and practice developments that are and have addressed a number of carer and patients concerns and issues under community care for disability, health, mental health and the elderly, yet there is still room for improvement. As shown and evidenced throughout this examination, governmental policies in terms of community care policies and practice for the areas of disability, health, mental health and the elderly has been one of evolution. Sometimes however, representing backward steps before moving forward. Evelyn Fox (1930, p. 71) represents an example of progressive thinking and understanding that was not put into practice initially, but was gradually recognized as the approach later in the process. Her statement that placed the family at the center of community care was initially usurped by the efficiency of the National Health Service and Community Care Act of 1990 was devised to curb costs, but shortchanged patients and carers (Leathard, 2003, p. 16). As the system evolved, through its triumvirate of autonomy, empowerment and choice (Levick, 1992, pp. 76-81), it was impacted by the Human Rights Act 1998 and more recently by the combined initiatives of the King’s Fund (2003). These initiatives helped to reshape the inadequacies as presented by the efficient governmental system and adding more humanity, understanding and caring. Through addressing the observations of Smart, 2002, p. 102) along with Biggs and Powell (2000, pp. 41-49) who commented that the Act’s major weaknesses represented its failure to account for a critical analysis of the roles and daily care practices of carers and the importance of maintaining home care for as long as possible. Additionally, the King’s Fund (2003) initiatives brought forth the importance of the carer, patient voice in their affairs as a part of the overall community based care programmes. Thus, after 80 years, the system as swung back to Evelyn Fox (1930. p. 71). Family, after all, is the basis for the community, and as such is the foundation of community care. Bibliography Bacigalupo, V., Bornat, J., Bytheway, B., Johnson, J., Spurr, S. (2002) Understanding Care, Welfare and Community: A Reader. Routledge, London, United Kingdom BBC News (1998) The origins of care in the community. 29 July 1998. Retrieved on 11 May 2007 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/background_briefings/politics_of_health/141204.stm Biggs, S., Powell, J. (2000) Surveillance and Elder Abuse: The Rationalities and Technologies of Community Care. Vol. 4, No. 1. Journal of Contemporary Health Booker, C., Repper, J. (1998) Serious Mental Health Problems in the Community: Policy, Practice and Research. Balliere Tindall, London, United Kingdom careline.org.uk (2007) What is Community Care? Retrieved on 11 May 2007 from http://www.careline.org.uk/section.asp?docid=166 Carers UK (2005) Whose rights are they anyway? Carers and the Human Rights Act. Retrieved on 14 May 2007 from http://www.carersuk.org/Policyandpractice/PolicyResources/Research/ResearchHumanRightsReport.pdf Clements, L. (2000) Community Care and the Law. Legal Action, London, United Kingdom Department of Health (2007) The New NHS. Retrieved on 14 May 2007 from http://www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/doh/newnhs/newnhs.htm Foster, A., Robert, V. (1998) Managing Mental Health Care in the Community: Chaos and Containment. Routledge, London, United Kingdom Fox, V. (1930) Community Schemes for the Social Control of Mental Defectives. Vol. 31. Mental Welfare Hanford, L., Easterbrook, L., Stevenson, J. (1999) King’s Fund Rehabilitation Programme. King’s Fund, London, United Kingdom Hardy, B., Young, R., Winslow, G. (1999) Dimensions of Choice in the assessment and care management process: the views of older people, carers and care mangers. Vol. 7, No. 6. Health and Social Care in the Community. Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2004) Community care development: a new concept. Retrieved on 11 May 2007 from http://www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/socialcare/534.asp Journal of American Geriatric Society (1994) Relocation of the aged and disabled. Vol. 11. of American Geriatric Society King’s Fund (2003) Kings Fund statement on the health and social care (community health and standards) bill. Retrieved on 13 May 2007 from http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/news/press_releases/kings_fund_34.html Leathard, A. (2003) Interprofessional Collaboration: From Policy to Practice in Health and Social Care. Brunner-Routledge, London, United Kingdom Levick, P. (1992) The Janus face of community care legislation: An opportunity for radical. Vol. 34. Critical Social Policy NHS Executive (1996) Priorities and Planning Guidance for the NHS. NHS Executive opsi.gov.uk (2000) Carers and Disabled Children Act 2000. Retrieved on 14 May 2007 from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2000/20000016.htm opsi.gov.uk (1995) Carers Recognition and Services Act 1995. Retrieved on 14 May 2007 from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1995/Ukpga_19950012_en_1.htm Propper, C. (1995) Agency and Incentives in the NHS Internal Market. Vol. 40, No. 12. Social Science Medicine reference.com (2007) Care in the Community. Retrieved on 12 May 2007 from http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Care_in_the_Community Smart, B. (2002) Michel Foucault. Routledge, New York, N.Y., United States Times (1994) Elderly patients die within weeks of transfer. 7 July 1994. The Times, London, United Kingdom

Sunday, January 19, 2020

Future Farmers of America Association Essay

Can you believe that the National FFA Organization (Future Farmers of America) has over 400,000 members and growing in the United States, Guam, Puerto Rico, and The Virgin Islands? The FFA is a National Organization devoted to teaching and introducing students to agricultural education. It has introduced a large impact on students, changed their views on agriculture, and given them the chances to carry them out. The history of FFA is quite a long one, starting back in 1925, when four agricultural education teachers organized the Future Farmers of Virginia, which would serve as a model for FFA, as well as the New Farmers of America. Then, in 1930, at the third National Convention, national competitions were restricted to only male competitors. The official creed, written by E. M. Tiffany, and official colors, national blue and corn gold, were adopted this year as well. In 1933, Ohio FFA members wore blue corduroy jackets with the FFA emblem printed on the back, and those were later immersed into the official uniform. Soon after, the NFA and the FFV merged together with the FFA. Later on, in 1988, the organizations name was changed from Future Farmers of America to FFA Organization and membership was extended to middle school students. Lastly, in 2006, the National Convention was at its maximum attendance, with a jaw-dropping amount of about fifty thousand attendants! The history if FFA will continue to become more memorable as long as new members join. The FFA training sequence consists of several areas, pertaining specifically to the SAE program, career opportunities, and chapter meetings. The Supervised Agricultural Experience, or SAE, Program is used to carry out a knowledgeable agriculture project. The project workers are often helped by their chapter advisor, depending on what area of study the project is from, choosing from ag production, food science, forestry, ag sales/ service, and horticulture. In some chapters, members are permitted to visit the chapter’s greenhouses/farms to expand and further pursue Ag education. They can choose to extend their knowledge in fields like farm economics, marketing, computer science, and biotechnology. Through chapter meetings, members will learn and develop public speaking skills and working for others. There are several activities to compete in and degrees to earn and receive in FFA. Members compete at local, state, and national levels in the fields of public speaking, Ag mechanics, dairy-cattle, livestock, poultry, dairy food, meat, and rabbit evaluations, floriculture, ornamental horticulture, parliamentary procedures, and nursery/ landscaping skills. The FFA also gives out four degrees to its members. The Discovery Degree is given to seventh and eight grade students. The Greenhand Degree is given to high school freshmen with knowledge, goals, and skills of FFA. After completing two semesters of Ag course work, you receive the Chapter Degree, with which you are entitled to wear a silver pin. The last degree, the State Degree, is obtained for outstanding achievements and for development of leadership skills. The receiver, however, must have also worked at least a minimum of 300 unpaid hours, and they receive with this honor a golden emblem pin. The FFA is definetly one of the younger organizations in the U. S. But, throughout the last ten years, it has delivered a tremendous impact to students, teachers, and the nation along with it’s future.

Saturday, January 11, 2020

White Sharks

In your own words explain the demerit point system and give 10 infractions and how many demerit points it will cost the driver for each. Ans: Demerit points are added to your driver’s licence, if you are convicted of breaking certain driving laws. The rules are different depending on if you are a new driver or have a full licence. The demerit-point system encourages drivers to improve their behaviour and protects people from drivers who abuse the privilege of driving. Drivers convicted of driving-related offences have demerit points recorded on their records.Demerit points stay on your record for two years from the date of the offence. If you accumulate too many demerit points, your driver’s licence can be suspended. The person or office in charge of demerit points is the Ministry of transportation of Ontario. The Ministry of Transportation office controls the Ontario drivers by adding a system of demerit points to traffic tickets for such things as speeding and nearly all other traffic violation tickets. Demerit points are issued from the Ministry of Transportation office in order to reprimand drivers who collect more than their fair share of driving offenses.Consequences of demerit points include the removal of driving privileges by the Ministry of Transportation office. Ontario drivers who are considered probationary drivers can accrue up to six demerit points with fully licensed Ontario drivers being allowed to accumulate 15 demerit points before their licenses are suspended. The Ministry of transportation office will suspend a driver’s license for 30 days upon the first offense of 15 accumulated demerit points. They have the power to suspend the license for up to six months for successive collected demerit points.Additionally, once a person has accumulated nine demerit points the Ministry of Transportation office may request the driver to attend an interview. This interview is a chance for the driver to plead their case against having their license suspended. Besides the possible suspension of one’s license, traffic tickets that contain demerit points have a direct impact on one’s financial situation because the demerit points directly affect insurance rates. Seven demerit points are the highest amount of one time demerit points received for a single incident and these are given for racing and failing to remain at the scene of an accident.Demerit points can be given in a combination, for example someone can leave the scene of an accident which carries a penalty of seven demerit points in addition to being ticketed for failing to stop for a school bus which carries six demerit points making the total demerit points for one single incident 13 demerit points. This single incident will land a person an interview with the Ministry of Transportation office for possible license suspension. Demerit points from the Ministry of transportation office stay on someone's driving record for two years from the offe nsive date before they fall away.The following are 10 infractions and the demerit points given. 1. failing to remain at the scene of a collision 2. failing to stop when signaled or asked by a police officer 7 demerit points each 3. careless driving 4. racing 5. exceeding the speed limit by 50 km/hour or more 6. failing to stop for a school bus 6 demerit points each 7. Failing to stop at an unprotected railway crossing (for bus drivers only) 5 demerit points 8. exceeding the speed limit by 30 to 49 km/hour 9 following too closely 4 demerit points each 10 exceeding the speed limit by 16 to 29 km/hourDriving through, around or under a railway crossing barrier 3 demerit points each Q2Explain briefly what is safety standard certificate and emission testing? Ans: According to the Ontario Ministry of Transportation, â€Å"A Safety Standards Certificate is a document that certifies a vehicle’s fitness. † A Safety Standards Certificate is valid for 36 days after the inspection. However, the certificate is not a guarantee or warranty that the vehicle will stay fit for any period. The Certificate process was designed to ensure that any car changing hands must possess the minimum safety requirements to drive on the road.A safety certificate states that a car meets all legal safety standards and is fit to be driven. Emissions testing is to make sure that a vehicle does not produce more emissions than is allowable by law, for that particular vehicle. If it is failing emissions that means some of your emission equipment is failing and needs to be fixed. These are tests the state use to make sure the cars that are on the road are safe and non-polluting. A safety test will check things like brakes, headlights, alignment, tires. Emissions test will check the exhaust for smog or pollution levels.A safety standards certificate is a document that certifies a vehicle’s fitness. You can buy and register a vehicle without a safety certificate, but you cannot put your own plates on the vehicle or drive it without one. Any inspection station in Ontario licensed by the Ministry of Transportation can issue a safety standards certificate, provided your vehicle passes an inspection. Many garages are licensed — look for a sign saying it is a Motor Vehicle Inspection Station. A safety standards certificate is valid for 36 days after the inspection. However, the certificate is not a guarantee or warranty that the will stay fit for any period.A Safety Standards Certificate is required in the case of any vehicle changing hands to a new owner. This step is required before the new owner’s licence plate can be attached. The car must receive a Certificate before it can be â€Å"plated† (receive new plates from the Ministry of Transportation). Q3Explain the legal consequences of driving under the influence of alcohol? Ans: There are different laws for learner drivers and fully licensed drivers when it comes to drinking before driving. If you have a provisional license you cannot have any alcohol in system, no matter your age.Many drivers with a provisional license mistakenly think that they can have a drink before driving if they are old enough to drink. This is not true. If you have a learner’s license make sure that you have a blood alcohol level of 0% before you get behind the wheel of the car. You don’t have to be driving to get in trouble The car you are in doesn’t have to be moving to get an impaired driving violation? If you are sitting behind the wheel of a vehicle, moving or not, and have too much alcohol in your system you canget a fine, lose your license and face other penalties.Don’t ever sit in the driver’s seat unless you are physically able to drive. Make sure that you understand side effects. Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is a serious crime in Ontario. Make sure that you read the information about side effects before driving if you have taken an y prescription or over the counter medications. Never drive after using illegal drugs. You should also know that mixing drugs and alcohol can make side effects and impairment worse. Anything that impairs your ability to drive safely is illegal, even if you are under the legal blood alcohol limit.There are serious consequences to drinking and driving. Ontario takes impaired driving very seriously. In fact they are known for having one of the strictest laws in all of North America. Drivers under 21 or with a provisional license can immediately have their license suspended if they have any alcohol in their blood. Fully licensed drivers over 21 must have a blood alcohol level that is lower than . 05% or they risk a 24 hour road side suspension. In addition to facing suspension you can also get a fine of $60-$500 if convicted and a 30 day suspension.If your blood alcohol level is more than . 08% you face more serious charges. Charges will remain on your Ontario driver’s license fo r at least 10 years. Getting a citation for drinking and driving is very serious and the consequences can remain with you for a long time. Many drivers have to take alcohol education courses, others have to have ignition interlock devices installed and you can face serious fines. Any convictions will remain on your license for at least 10 years. Breath analysis is mandatory if requested. If you are asked to take a breath analysis test, you must comply.Refusing to do so can result in an immediate suspension of your license, even if you are not intoxicated. Never let anyone drive your vehicle unless you know they have a license. If you are caught drinking and driving you may be required to get an ignition interlock device on your vehicle. This applies to any car that you will drive. If you drive a vehicle without this device the vehicle will be impounded. Make sure that if you are loaning your car to someone else that you first verify their license or you may be without a car for 7 da ys while it is in impound.The consequences for drinking and driving in Ontario get more serious with each offense. While each drinking and driving conviction is serious, you will find that the penalties get worse with each offense. For example if you are caught in what is called the â€Å"warn range† (blood alcohol level between . 05% and . 08%) you will face a $150 fine and a 3 day suspension on the first offense. The second offense you will have the $150 fine, a 7 day suspension and an alcohol education course. The third time you will face the $150 fine, a 30 suspension, a 6 month mandatory interlock device and a mandatory alcohol treatment program.As you can see the consequences get worse each time and these are just the roadside consequences. Others may apply if you are convicted. These cannot be disputed, appealed or overturned. Drinking and driving is expensive. You can face some severe fines and financial charges if you choose to do this. Estimated court costs can be a nywhere between $2,000 and $10,000. If you violate the criminal code your fine will be $1,000. A treatment program costs $578. Your insurance will go up, sometimes as much as $4,500 additionally per year.Plus if you have to get an ignition interlock device it can cost $1,300. As you can see, it is much less expensive to avoid drinking before driving. If you are planning on drinking, don’t take the risk of losing your license. Instead ask someone else to drive. This is by far the easiest way to avoid drinking and driving convictions and problems. If you never drink and drive you will never have to worry about any of these potential consequences. If you have an Ontario driver’s license, make sure that you don’t risk it by drinking and driving.This is a serious offense and isn’t worth the risk. In addition to the financial and legal problems that you can face you can also find yourself seriously injuring or killing others or yourself. Next time you get ready to drink, make sure that you find someone else to drive you home. The Ontario Highway Traffic Act (HTA) creates punishments that are in addition to the Criminal Code fines and periods of imprisonment for drunk driving offences, including licence suspensions between 1 year for a first offence to a lifetime for a third offence.In addition to being subject to the suspensions, these drivers have to complete a remedial measures assessment and education or treatment program (for approximately 10 months), and also have to install an Ignition Interlock Device on their vehicles for between 1 year for a first offence to lifetime for a third offence (if the suspension period is reduced to 10 years). The Ignition Interlock Device is a leased breath alcohol monitoring machine wired into your vehicle’s ignition.However, the HTA is now also allowing for early reinstatement of the suspended licence with the installation of the Ignition Interlock Device – if you meet certain condition s. This program is available for persons convicted of a first impaired or over 80 driving or refuse breath sample offence that did not cause bodily harm or death and did not involve drug impairment. You must have a car and valid insurance to be eligible. Additionally, you must not be under another suspension (such as for dangerous driving or a novice driver disqualification) and you must have your fines fully paid. There are 2 â€Å"streams†: Stream A3 months minimum driver’s licence suspension Followed by a minimum Ignition Interlock Installation Period of 9 months *Stream ‘A’ is only available if you plead guilty and are sentenced within 90 days of being charged* Stream B 6 months minimum driver’s licence suspension Followed by a minimum Ignition Interlock Installation Period of 12 months Q4Explain the different types of car insurance in Ontario. Indicate which one of these is mandatory? Ans: Ontario law requires that all motorists have auto insur ance. Fines for vehicle owners, lessees and drivers who do not carry valid auto insurance can range from $5,000 to $50,000.If you are found driving without valid auto insurance, you can have your driver's licence suspended and your vehicle impounded. If you live in Ontario then there are a number of mandatory and optional car insurance coverage types available to you. Here are the coverage types that are mandatory for all drivers in Ontario. Liability Every vehicle in Ontario must carry at least $200,000 in third party liability coverage but most people choose to increase that amount to $1 million or $2 million in coverage. Third party liability insurance protects you in the event you damage someone else’s property or if you injure or kill someone.Accident Benefits Accident Benefits is another mandatory coverage in Canada. It will help cover income replacement, medical needs, rehabilitation, non-earner benefits, and caregiver costs if you are injured or killed in a motor vehi cle accident. In 2010, Ontario changed their insurance laws to give you more options when it comes to your accident benefits coverage. Uninsured/Underinsured Driver Protection This coverage will protect you (and a member of your family) if you are injured or killed by an uninsured driver. It also applies to a driver that is unidentified, such as the case in many hit-and-run incidents.This coverage also protects your vehicle if the driver is identified. Direct Compensation Property Damage This coverage is included in your car insurance premiums. It pays for damage that your vehicle might sustain in an automobile accident that is not entirely your fault. Optional Insurance Coverage The following coverage types are optional in Ontario but you should at least consider them when you go to renew your auto insurance. They will increase your overall insurance premiums but they could also save you a lot of money in the long run. Comprehensive CoverIf you want to have your car protected again st vandalism, fire, floods, windstorms, lightening, and theft then you should consider comprehensive coverage. It will protect you against damages or loss caused by those things. Collision Cover This optional coverage will pay for damages to your own vehicle. It is not required by law, but it is recommended, especially if your vehicle would be expensive to replace. Collision coverage will also pay for damages to your vehicle when you roll the automobile or if you hit another object – be it a car, a tree, or a building etc.If you don’t have this coverage and you are entirely at-fault in an accident then you will not be covered. Almost all car leasing and financing companies will require that you purchase collision protection if are to lease or finance a vehicle. Transportation Replacement Coverage This additional coverage will reimburse you for the money you spend on renting a car, while your vehicle is being repaired or replaced. Depending on the coverage you get it ma y pay for car rentals, taxis, and public transportation while your car is being fixed, or while you seek out a new vehicle. Depreciation CoverageThis coverage allows you to replace your vehicle with a brand new one, should your car be stolen or deemed a total loss. If you are convicted of driving without valid auto insurance, your insurance company may consider you a â€Å"high-risk† driver and charge you higher premiums or refuse to sell you insurance altogether. If you are injured in an accident while driving or occupying an uninsured vehicle: you may not be entitled to receive income replacement and/or non-earner benefits; and you may not be allowed to sue the at-fault driver for compensation as a result of injuries received in the accident.More  importantly, if you are found to be at fault for an accident causing injury or death to another person, you may be held personally responsible for his/her medical costs and other losses. Homework Day 2 Q. 1Explain in no more tha n 200 words how the knowledge of vehicle components leads to safe driving. Ans: Knowing your car and its various parts can be a life saver. The more you know about your car, the better equipped you are to handle problems, and the more likely you are to notice when something is wrong. Taking the time to familiarize yourself with your car will make driving it that much more enjoyable.One of the main benefits of knowing your car is being able to tell when your mechanic is trying to scam you. Even the most reputable mechanics have employees who will try to sell you parts and labor that aren't necessary. Each time you take your car into the shop — whether for a routine oil change or a minor repair — the mechanic is going to look for other problems that can be repaired during that same trip. Sometimes they'll tell you that something needs to be replaced, such as an air filter, when you've still got another 3,000 miles before you need a new one.Not only that, but even when yo u do need a new part or a repair, the mark-up for what the mechanic will charge you (versus what you would pay retail) is ridiculous. Another benefit to knowing your car is that the more familiar you are with the way your car operates, the more likely you'll be to notice when something is wrong. For example, I can usually tell just by driving my car when the air in the tires is low. When you pay attention to the way your car is supposed to feel, you'll feel even the slightest difference when something is amiss.A difference in the hum of the engine or a strange lop-sidedness can make all the difference. The longer you wait to repair your car, the more damage it might sustain. To get to know your car, start by studying your owner's manual. It's that thick book you keep in the glove compartment — you might have never even looked at it before. Take it inside with you after work and look through it. Study the diagrams and text in each chapter and learn about the different aspects of your car. If you aren't sure what something is, take the book outside and examine that part on your vehicle so you'll know what it is.If you find that you enjoy knowing about your car, you may be able to learn how to conduct simple repairs on your own. For example, having the brake pads on your car replaced by a mechanic could cost you up to $500. Replacing them yourself, however, will only cost about $50 plus a few hours of your time. The same goes for oil changes, fuse replacements, bulb replacements, your spark plugs and other parts. Once you know how to replace them, you'll get better and faster each time your car needs a repair. The most important thing is to know when you can do something yourself and when your car needs to be taken to a mechanic.Know your strengths and weaknesses and if you have doubts, haul your vehicle in. It's far less expensive to have a mechanic do it the first time than to pay someone to fix the damage you caused yourself. If you have friends or rela tives that are experienced with cars, you might ask them to assist with DIY repairs until you get the hang of it. It's also a good idea to know the tools you might need to fix your car. Keeping a small tool box in your trunk or under the seat will save you if you happen to break down by the side of the road. Make sure you always have a spare tire as well as the equipment needed to change it.You should also keep spare bulbs in your car in case a headlight winks out while you're on the road. Knowing your car is a good practice regardless of who you are and what kind of car you drive. It isn't always about saving money, but also about protecting yourself. You wouldn't want to continue driving your car, completely ignorant to a problem, so learn how your car smells, sounds, feels and looks so you can identify problems immediately. It helps to know how your vehicle works in order to best be able to understand how it will react in certain situations. For instance front versus rear drive.O ne can â€Å"power out† of a skid on pavement with compromised traction with front drive where rear drive will cause the rear wheels to loose traction and thus control. Other examples are; is the parking brake connected to the front or rear wheels? Saabs and Subarus use the front wheels for the parking brake. In an the event of brake failure it is safer to use it in these vehicles rather a parking brake that works off the rear wheels as that can cause the vehicle to spin. It also important to be able to recognize signs that a catastrophic failure is imminent such as the symptoms of failing tires, badly worn ball joints or tie rod ends.Q. 2Briefly explain how highway driving differs from city driving. Give 3 points of difference? Ans:Once on the freeway, a safe driver travels at a steady speed, looking forward and anticipating what’s going to happen on the road ahead. Traffic should keep to the right, using the left lanes for passing. As in city driving, your eyes shoul d be constantly moving, scanning the road ahead, to each side and behind. Look ahead to where you are going to be in the next 15 to 20 seconds, or as far ahead as you can see, when you travel at faster speeds. Remember to keep scanning and check your mirrors frequently.Stay clear of large vehicles. Because of their size, they block your view more than other vehicles. Leave space around your vehicle. This will let you see clearly in every direction and will give you time and space to react. Click here for following distances. Be careful not to cut off any vehicle, large or small, when making a lane change or joining the flow of traffic. It is dangerous and illegal for a slower moving vehicle to cut in front of a faster moving vehicle. Use the far left lane of a multi-lane freeway to pass traffic moving slower than the speed limit, but don’t stay there.Drive in the right-hand lane when possible. On many freeways with three or more lanes in each direction, large trucks cannot tr avel in the far left lane and must use the lane to the right for passing. Get into the habit of driving in the right lane, leaving the other lanes clear for passing. Q. 3List and briefly explain different warning gauges in a vehicle. Ans: Oil Pressure Light. This light refers to possible low oil levels, a worn or broken oil pump or excessive main bearing wear. Ignoring it could result in a seized engine or major engine damage. Brake Warning Light.This could refer to driving with the handbrake engaged, low brake fluid level or worn out brake pads. Brakes are the most important part of your vehicle; they affect the safety of the driver and all occupants. Don’t ignore this light! Air Bag SRS. If this warning light comes on, your air bag is not going to inflate on impact, which could jeopardize your safety. Malfunction is usually caused by a crash sensor fault, bad electrical connection or air bag module malfunction. Engine Temperature Light. This means the coolant level is low, the cooling fan isn’t working or the thermostat is failing to open.If this light flashes on, stop driving immediately, turn off the engine, and seek mechanical assistance. Driving while the temperature light is on can do serious and expensive engine damage. Battery Charging System Warning Light. This usually refers to an alternator failure, loose or torn alternator belt, faulty battery or a broken wire. The light indicates a problem with the charging system; get it repaired at your earliest convenience. Tire Pressure Warning Light. This light could be triggered by a flat tire, low tire pressure, tire pressure light not reset or bad air pressure sensor.Excessively worn tires or insufficient tire pressure not only affects fuel economy, it poses a risk. Q. 4 What is ABS and what kind of situations does it prevent? Ans:Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is an automobile safety system that allows the wheels on a motor vehicle to maintain tractive contact with the road surface accordin g to driver inputs while braking, preventing the wheels from locking up (ceasing rotation) and avoiding uncontrolled skidding. It is an automated system that uses the principles of threshold braking and cadence braking which were practiced by skillful drivers with previous generation braking systems.It does this at a much faster rate and with better control than a driver could manage. ABS generally offers improved vehicle control and decreases stopping distances on dry and slippery surfaces for many drivers; however, on loose surfaces like gravel or snow-covered pavement, ABS can significantly increase braking distance, although still improving vehicle control. Since initial widespread use in production cars, anti-lock braking systems have evolved considerably. Recent versions not only prevent wheel lock under braking, but also electronically control the front-to-rear brake bias.This function, depending on its specific capabilities and implementation, is known as electronic brake fo rce distribution (EBD), traction control system, emergency brake assist, or electronic stability control (ESC). There are many different variations and control algorithms for use in ABS. One of the simpler systems works as follows:[17] 1. The controller monitors the speed sensors at all times. It is looking for decelerations in the wheel that are out of the ordinary. Right before a wheel locks up, it will experience a rapid deceleration.If left unchecked, the wheel would stop much more quickly than any car could. It might take a car five seconds to stop from 60 mph (96. 6 km/h) under ideal conditions, but a wheel that locks up could stop spinning in less than a second. 2. The ABS controller knows that such a rapid deceleration is impossible, so it reduces the pressure to that brake until it sees an acceleration, then it increases the pressure until it sees the deceleration again. It can do this very quickly, before the tire can actually significantly change speed.The result is that the tire slows down at the same rate as the car, with the brakes keeping the tires very near the point at which they will start to lock up. This gives the system maximum braking power. 3. When the ABS is in operation the driver will feel a pulsing in the brake pedal; this comes from the rapid opening and closing of the valves. This pulsing also tells the driver that the ABS has been triggered. Some ABS systems can cycle up to 16 times per second. Q. 5Give examples of three safety devices and how they contribute to passenger safety? Ans:Top 10 Vehicle Safety Devices AirbagsSome people think that these are actually dangerous, but they have in fact saved many, many lives. There are two main types of air bags, dual stage airbags and side airbags. If needed, the dual stage airbags will go off at different times, one in a minor accident and both in a more serious crash. Side airbags help to prevent drivers and passengers from getting head injuries. Small children should be in their car se ats, in the back seat of your vehicle, where there are no airbags that can actually injure them rather than save their lives. On/Off Switches Many vehicles are equipped with on/off switches for airbags.This is for the times when children are going to be sitting near them. There have been many instances of airbags injuring children, and you can eliminate this risk by using the switch. There have been many incidents of injuries and even death in small children because of airbags, and this switch will eliminate that problem. Passenger Sensing System This has been created to reduce injuries or death to smaller children. This is an advanced airbag system that can tell the size of the person in the seat, with sensors that get information about the front-seat passenger’s weight and the pressure on the seat.This information tells the airbags whether or not to go off in the event of a frontal crash. Energy-Absorbing Steering System This is designed so that it will compress upon impact , lessening the risk of rib injuries to drivers. This has been proven to work in many instances, and it has reduced the risk of driver fatalities by 12%, and serious injuries and death risks have been reduced by 38%. When there is a crash, drivers are often thrown forward, and the steering wheel can cause serious injuries, making this feature one that you should look for in your next vehicle.Back Up Sensing System This is a wonderful little invention that makes it so that when you are backing up, you will be warned if you get too close to another vehicle or other object. This is now an option on a number of larger vehicles, such as RV’s and SUV’s, and it has greatly reduced the number of collisions caused by backing up, and a lot of bicycles in driveways have been saved because of this feature. Electrochromatic Mirror/Auto Dimming Mirrors One thing that can really be annoying when you are driving at night is the reflection of headlights in your mirrors.This feature wil l automatically darken the mirrors, which in turn reduces the glare. Today, approximately 10% of all vehicles are equipped with this feature, and many more vehicles are expected to have this technology in the near future. This not only helps to prevent accidents, it also helps people who are extremely light sensitive, and bothered by lights in their mirrors. Head Restraints Two of the most common injuries that occur due to automobile accidents are head injuries and whiplash.These head restraints, which are on the top of the front seats, will help to hold the head in place, and they reduce these types of injuries. New and more advanced systems make it so the seat will move down and back in the event of a collision, so there will not be as much forward motion, which of course will lessen the risk of head and neck injuries. Heads Up Display One should never take their eyes off the road while they are driving, but we all do. We must look down to check our speed and other things, and it can only take a split second for an accident to occur.A heads up display (HUD) will put the information you need right across your windshield, so your eyes never have to look anywhere but at the road. You will still be able to watch what you are doing, while being able to find the information you need quickly and easily. Padded Knee Bolster Knee injuries are a common result of automobile accidents, and this device can greatly reduce the risk of this type of injury. This is another feature that can keep the driver or passengers in the proper position to lessen their chances of being injured.It will also help to keep passengers from sliding beneath the instrument panel and risking becoming trapped or injured even further. Seatbelts These may have been around for many years, but many advancements have been made so that they will protect automobile occupants even more than the older versions. Unlike in the past, where seatbelts just went around your waist, today’s vehicles are eq uipped with front and rear seatbelts for both the lap and shoulders, and the locking system insures that those wearing the seatbelts (which is the law in Canada and the US) will not be thrown forward if an accident occurs.